Aggregating buildings as a virtual power plant: Architectural design, supporting technologies, and case studies

Prevalence of distributed generation drives the emergence ‘Virtual Power Plant (VPP)’ paradigm. A VPP aggregates energy resource and can operate as a conventional power plant. In recent years, large portion renewable sources are installed in commercial/industrial/residential building side, their potentials flexibilities be aggregated context. Nevertheless, building-side resources usually managed by management systems (BEMSs) with autonomous objectives policies, making them hardly to directly controlled system state-of-the-art VPP. This study systematically presents (BVPP) architecture that through communication between BEMSs. The implementation technologies, key components, operation modes BVPPs discussed. Case studies reported demonstrate effectiveness BVPP different operational conditions.